Class 9th
Number System
- Introduction
- Irrational numbers
- Real numbers and their decimal expansions
- Representing real numbers on a number line
- Representing real numbers on a number line
- Law of exponents for real numbers
Polynomials
- Polynomial in one variable
- Zeroes of a polynomial
- Remainder theorem
- Factorization of polynomial
- Algebraic identities
Coordinate geometry
- Introduction Cartesian System
Linear equation in two variables
- Linear equations
- Solution of linear equations
- Graph of a linear equation in two variables
Introduction to Euclid’s geometry
- Introduction
- Euclid’s definition and postulates
- Equivalent versions of Euclid’s fifth postulate
Lines and angles
- Basic terms and definition
- Intersecting and non-intersecting lines
- Pair of angles: Linear pair
- Pair of angles: Vertically opposite angles
- Parallel lines and a transversal
- Lines parallel to the same line
- Angle sum property of triangle
Triangles
- Congruence of triangle
- Criteria for Congruence of triangle (SAS, ASA, AAS)
- Some properties of triangles
- Some more criteria for congruency of triangle (SSS, RHS)
- Inequalities in triangle
Quadrilaterals
- Angle sum property of quadrilateral
- Types of quadrilateral
- The diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
- Properties of parallelogram
- The midpoint theorem
Areas of parallelograms and triangles
- Parallelograms and Triangles
Circles
- Circles and its relative terms
- Angle subtended by chord at a point
- Perpendicular from center to chord
- Circles through three points
- Equal chords and their distances from center
- Cyclic quadrilaterals
Construction
- Construction of bisectors of given angles, perpendicular bisector of
given line - Construction of a triangle given its base, sum/difference of the other
two sides and one base angle - Construction of a triangle of given perimeter and base angles
Heron’s formula
- Heron’s formula
- Application of Heron’s formula for calculating area of triangle
Surface areas and volumes
- Surface area of cube and cuboid
- Surface area of right circular cylinder
- Surface area of right circular cone
- Surface area of a sphere
- Volume of a cuboid
- Volume of a cylinder
- Volume of a right circular cone
- Volume of a sphere
Statistics
- Collection of data & it presentation
- Graphical representation of data: grouped/ ungrouped bar graphs
- Histograms
- Frequency polygons
- Measure of Central tendency
Probability
- Probability- an experimental approach
- Empirical probability
Motion
- Uniform motion and non uniform motion on along a straight line
- Measuring the rate of motion
- Rate of change of velocity
- Graphical representation of motion
- Equation of motion by graphical method
- Uniform circular motion
Work and Energy
- Work
- Energy
- Potential energy of an object at a hieght
- Law of conservation of energy
- Rate of doing work: power
Section-wise Weightage
| Section | Topic | Marks |
| A | Reading Skills | 20 |
| B | Writing Skills with Grammar | 30 |
| C | Literature Textbooks and Extended Reading Text | 30 |
| Total | 80 |
The annual examination will be of 80 marks, with a duration of three hours.
Section A: Reading
This section will have two reading passages.
Q.1: A Factual passage 300-350 words with eight very Short Answer type Questions. [8 marks]
Q.2: A Discursive passage of 350-400 words with four Short Answer type Questions to test inference, evaluation and analysis with four Very Short Answer Questions to test vocabulary. [12 marks]
Section B: Writing and Grammar
Q.3: Writing a diary/article in about 100-120 words based on visual or verbal cue/s. The questions will be thematically based on the prescribed books. [8 marks]
Q.4: Writing a short story based on a given outline or cue/s in about 200- 50 words. [12 marks]
The Grammar syllabus will include the following areas in class IX:
- Tenses
- Modals (have to/had to, must, should, need, ought to and their negative forms)
- Use of passive voice
- Subject – verb concord
- Reporting
- (i) Commands and requests
- (ii) Statements
- (iii) Questions
- Clauses:
- (i) Noun clauses
- (ii) Adverb clauses of condition and time
- (iii) Relative clauses
- Determiners
- Prepositions
The above items may be tested through test types as given below:
Q.5: Gap filling with one or two words to test Prepositions, Articles, Conjunctions and Tenses. [3 marks]
Q.6: Editing or Omission [4 marks]
Q.7: Sentences reordering or Sentence Transformation in context. [3 marks]
Section C: Literature Textbooks
Q.8: One out of two extracts from prose/poetry/play for reference to the context. Four Very Short Answer Questions: two questions of one mark each on global comprehension and two questions of one mark each on interpretation. [4 marks]
Q.9: Four Short Answer Type Questions from BEEHIVE AND MOMENTS to test local and global comprehension of theme and ideas (30-40 words each) [2×4=8 Marks]
Q.10: One out two long answer type questions to assess how the values inherent in the texts have been brought out (BEEHIVE & MOMENTS). Creativity, imagination and extrapolation beyond the text and across the texts will be assessed. (100-120 words) [8 marks]
Q.11: One out of two Very Long Answer Questions on theme or plot involving interpretation and inference and character sketch in about 150-200 words based on prescribed extended reading text. [10 Marks]
Prescribed Books
Published by NCERT
- BEEHIVE – Textbook for Class IX
- MOMENTS – Supplementary Reader for Class IX
Extended Reading Texts (either one)
- Gulliver’s Travels (unabridged) by Jonathan Swift
- Three Men in a Boat (unabridged) by Jerome. K. Jerome
Exam Structure
| S. No. | Units | Marks |
| I | India and the Contemporary World – I | 20 |
| II | Contemporary India – I | 20 |
| III | Democratic Politics – I | 20 |
| IV | Economics | 20 |
| Total | 80 |
Unit 1: India and the Contemporary World – I
Three themes in the first sub-unit and one each from the second sub unit could be studied.
Sub-unit 1.1 : Events and processes: (All the three themes are compulsory)
In this unit the focus is on three events and processes that have in major ways shaped the identity of the modern world. Each represents a different form of politics, and a specific combination of forces. One event is linked to the growth of liberalism and democracy, one with socialism, and one with a negation of both democracy and socialism.
I. The French Revolution:
- (a) The Ancient Regime and its crises.
- (b) The social forces that led to the revolution.
- (c) The different revolutionary groups and ideas of the time.
- (d) The legacy. (Compulsory Chapter-1)
II. Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution:
- (a) The crises of Tzarism.
- (b) The nature of social movements between 1905 and 1917.
- (c) The First World War and foundation of Soviet state.
- (d) The legacy. (Chapter 2)
III. Nazism and the Rise of Hitler:
- (a)The growth of social democracy
- (b) The crises in Germany.
- (b) The basis of Hitler’s rise to power.
- (c) The ideology of Nazism.
- (d) The impact of Nazism. (Chapter 3)
Sub-unit 1.2: Livelihoods, Economies and Societies:
The themes in this section will focus on how different social groups grapple with the changes in the contemporary world and how these changes affect their lives.
Any one theme of the following:
IV. Forest Society and Colonialism:
- (a) Relationship between forests and livelihoods.
- (b) Changes in forest societies under colonialism.
- Case studies: Focus on two forest movements one in colonial India (Bastar) and one in Indonesia. (Chapter 4)
V. Pastoralists in the Modern World:
- (a) Pastoralism as a way of life.
- (b) Different forms of pastoralism.
- (c) What happens to pastoralism under colonialism and modern states?
- Case studies: Focus on two pastoral groups, one from Africa and one from India. (Chapter 5)
VI. Peasants and Farmers:
- (a) Histories of the emergence of different forms of farming and peasant societies.
- (b) Changes within rural economies in the modern world.
- Case studies: focus on contrasting forms of rural change and different forms of rural societies (expansion of large-scale wheat and cotton farming in USA, rural economy and the Agricultural Revolution in England, and small peasant production in colonial India) (Chapter 6)
Map Work Based on theme 4/5/6. (Internal choice will be provided)
Unit 2: Contemporary India – I
1. India – Size and Location
2. Physical Features of India: relief, structure, major physiographic unit.
3. Drainage: Major rivers and tributaries, lakes and seas, role of rivers in the economy, pollution of rivers, measures to control river pollution. (Chapter 3)
4. Climate: Factors influencing the climate; monsoon- its characteristics, rainfall and temperature distribution; seasons; climate and human life. (Chapter 4)
5. Natural Vegetation and Wild Life: Vegetation types, distribution as well as altitudinal variation, need for conservation and various measures. Major species, their distribution, need for conservation and various measures.
6. Population: Size, distribution, age sex composition, population change migration as a determinant of population change, literacy, health, occupational structure and national population policy: adolescents as under-served population group with special needs. (Chapter 6)
Unit 3: Democratic Politics – I
2. What is Democracy? Why Democracy?:
What are the different ways of defining democracy? Why has democracy become the most prevalent form of government in our times? What are the alternatives to democracy? Is democracy superior to its available alternatives? Must every democracy have the same institutions and values? (Chapter 2)
3. Constitutional Design:
How and why did India become a democracy? How was the Indian constitution framed? What are the salient features of the Constitution? How is democracy being constantly designed and redesigned in India? (Chapter 3)
4. Electoral Politics:
Why and how do we elect representatives? Why do we have a system of competition among political parties? How has the citizens’ participation in electoral politics changed? What are the ways to ensure free and fair elections? (Chapter 4)
5. Working of Institutions:
How is the country governed? What does Parliament do in our democracy? What is the role of the President of India, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers? How do these relate to one another? (Chapter 5)
6. Democratic Rights:
Why do we need rights in a constitution? What are the Fundamental Rights enjoyed by the citizen under the Indian constitution? How does the judiciary protect the Fundamental Rights of the citizen? How is the independence of the judiciary ensured? (Chapter 6)
Unit 4: Economics
1. The Story of Village Palampur:
Economic transactions of Palampore and its interaction with the rest of the world through which the concept of production (including three factors of production (land, labour and capital) can be introduced. (Chapter 1)
2. People as Resource:
Introduction of how people become resource / asset; economic activities done by men and women; unpaid work done by women; quality of human resource; role of health and education; unemployment as a form of non utilisation of human resource; sociopolitical implication in simple form. (Chapter 2)
3. Poverty as a Challenge:
Who is poor (through two case studies: one rural, one urban); indicators; absolute poverty (not as a concept but through a few simple examples)-why people are poor; unequal distribution of resources; comparison between countries; steps taken by government for poverty alleviation. (Chapter 3)
4. Food Security in India:
Source of Food grains, variety across the nation, famines in the past, the need for self sufficiency, role of government in food security, procurement of food grains, overflowing of granaries and people without food, public distribution system, role of cooperatives in food security (foodgrains, milk and vegetables ration shops, cooperative shops, two-three examples as case studies) (Chapter 4)
List of Map Items
Subject – History
Chapter-1: The French Revolution
Outline map of France (For locating and labelling/Identification)
- Bordeaux
- Nantes
- Paris
- Marseilles
Chapter-2: Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
Outline map of World (For locating and labelling/Identification)
- Major countries of First World War: (Central Powers and Allied Powers); Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey (Ottoman Empire); Allied Powers – France, England, (Russia), America
Chapter-3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
Outline map of World (For locating and labelling/Identification)
- Major countries of Second World War: Axis Powers – Germany, Italy, Japan; Allied Powers – UK, France, Former USSR, USA
- Territories under German expansion (Nazi power): Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia (only Slovakia shown in the map), Denmark, Lithuania, France, Belgium
Subject – Geography
CH-1 : INDIA-SIZE AND LOCATION
India – States with Capitals, Tropic of Cancer, Standard Meridian, Southern most, northern most, eastern most and western most point of India (Location and Labelling)
CH-2 : PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA
- Mountain Ranges: The Karakoram, The Zasker,The Shivalik, The Aravali, The Vindhya, The Satpura, Western & Eastern Ghats
- Mountain Peaks: K2, Kanchan Junga, Anai Mudi
- Plateau: Deccan Plateau, Chotta Nagpur Plateau, Malwa plateau
- Coastal Plains: Konkan, Malabar, Coromandal & Northern Circar (Location and Labelling)
CH-3 : DRAINAGE
Rivers: (Identification only)
- a) The Himalayan River Systems-The Indus, The Ganges, and The Satluj
- b) The Peninsular rivers-The Narmada, The Tapi, The Kaveri, The Krishna, The Godavari,The Mahanadi
Lakes: Wular, Pulicat, Sambhar, Chilika, Vembanad, Kolleru
CH-4 : CLIMATE
- 1. Cities to locate : Tiruvananthpuram, Chennai, Jodhpur, Bangalore, Mumbai, Kolkata, Leh, Shillong, Delhi, Nagpur. (Location and Labelling)
- 2. Areas receiving rainfall less than 20 cm and over 400 cm (Identification only)
CH-5 : NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILD LIFE
- Vegetation Type: Tropical Evergreen Forest, Tropical Deciduous Forest, Thorn Forest, Montane Forests and MangroveFor identification only
- National Parks: Corbett, Kaziranga, Ranthambor, Shivpuri, Kanha, Simlipal & Manas
- Bird Sanctuaries: Bharatpur and Ranganthitto
- Wild life Sanctuaries: Sariska, Mudumalai, Rajaji, Dachigam (Location and Labelling)
CH-6 : POPULATION (location and labelling)
- The state having highest and lowest density of population
- The state having highest and lowest sex ratio
- Largest and smallest state according to area